Monday, December 30, 2019

Social Discrimination In A Worn Path By Eudora Welty

In a world that is so diverse, social discrimination is an issue that many have to face everyday. Discrimination can be used by an individuals: race, age, religion, and even ones class. A Worn Path, written by Eudora Welty is about a woman by the name of Phoenix who goes on a long journey to get medication for her grandson. On her journey she comes in contact with a hunter, and many other complications. In the short story, an overall theme of social discrimination is shown through the use of Racism, Ageism and Classism. During the 1930’s, Racism was at a major play; mostly in Southern states. In the short story, Welty gives many examples of metaphors and symbols showing that racism was a major impact during this time. For example, â€Å"Big†¦show more content†¦This is known as ageism. Welty shows an example of ageism in this quote, â€Å"‘Doesn’t the gun scare you?’ he said still pointing it. ‘No, Sir, I seen plenty go off closer by, in my day, and for less than what I done.’ She said, holding utterly still. He smiled, and shoulder the gun. ‘Well, Granny,’ he said ‘you must be a hundred years old, and scared of nothing. I’d give you a dime if I had any money with me. But you take my advice and stay home, and nothing will happen to you.’† (1330) The hunter is stating that she is too old to be taking such a long journey, especially by herself; even if she is not afraid of anything. This is a good example of a pe rson using someone’s age against them. Welty is giving the reader the impression of, who is this hunting man, to tell her she should just go home, instead of continuing her journey to find medicine for her grandson. As well as the impression of, no matter what age someone, anyone can finish something he or she put’s his or her mind to. The third factor in reaching the theme of social discrimination is the use of classism. As defined from the Merriam Webster Dictionary, Classism means: Prejudice or discrimination based on class. Throughout the short story you get a feel for the class, that Old Phoenix is a part of. Throughout her long journey, she makes references to slavery through the use of metaphors,Show MoreRelatedRacism And Discrimination : A Worn Path By Eudora Welty Essay1746 Words   |  7 PagesRacism and Discrimination Issues Essay People in society are like crayons in a box; some are sharp and beautiful, some have weird names but all are in different colors; but they have to learn to live in the same box. Every day, many people encounter other people, creating many social issues and racism is one of them. Racism is one of the most controversial problem in our society. This is the ideal that many people engage in consciously and the way some people think without even realizing it. RacismRead MoreEudora Welty s A Worn Path956 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction James Saunders wrote an interesting article â€Å"’A Worn Path’ The Eternal Quest of Welty’s Phoenix Jackson† (The Southern Literary Journal 25.1, Fall 1992: p62-73.) that not only analyzed Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path† (The Collected Works of Eudora Welty) from his perspective but also included the perspectives of other authors which makes his article an excellent source for interpretations of ‘A Worn Path’. Summary Saunders article summarizes Phoenix Jackson as a symbol of the ChristianRead MoreA Worn Path By Eudora Welty1707 Words   |  7 PagesMichelle Andrews Dr. Goss ENGLISH 1102 9 February 2016 A Worn Path In the Eudora Welty’s ‘‘A Worn Path’’, there is a distinct description of characters that live in the era of segregation and the great depression. Because Welty is a native of the south, this story is based from the experiences during her life. Her struggles are relived in the characters of not just â€Å"A Worn Path† but also a lot of her other stories. She uses hidden messages in her stories and includes deep meaning in the simplestRead MoreAnalyzing ‚Äà ºA Worn Path‚Äà ¹ by Eudora Welty - 1875 Words   |  4 PagesAnalyzing â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty In the story â€Å"A Worn Path†, Eudora Welty shows an old woman living in a time period where racial prejudice is very high and out of control. Phoenix Jackson is a grandmother whose motivation for living seems to be to nurture her grandson back to health. The strength of love may make people do or say unusual and implausible things. The central idea of this story is that love can empower someone to overcome many life threatening obstacles. This idea isRead MorePerspectives on Hope: Eudora Weltys A Worn Path, and Maya Angelous Still I Rise1594 Words   |  7 Pages The emotion of hope is important because life is uncertain. Factors such as wealth, education and opportunity may play a role in dividing people into different social categories, but no amount of privilege or advantage can shield a person from disappointment, pain, loss or death. These are universal adversities for all humankind. The word hope can be defined in different ways. Many religious people think of ho pe as a virtue, along with faith and love. Survivors of trauma often credit hope as theRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1788 Words   |  8 PagesDiscrimination has played a role in humanity from the beginnings of human existence to the modern societies of today. Every individual has experienced an act of discrimination at some point; yet, most questions surrounding this fundamental human flaw remain unanswered. One belief that has overwhelming support is the fact that discrimination can lead to significant negative effects. These effects mediate how an individual is able or unable to deal with discrimination. Thus, the discussion of discrimination

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Essay on Explaining Political Philosophy - 744 Words

Explaining Political Philosophy Political philosophy, or political theory, as it is also known, is about human condition, or, what humans are like. There are roughly four main kinds of political philosophy around today-Libertarianism, Socialism, Liberalism and Communitarianism. Political theory is an attempt to understand people, what we are like as individuals, what society and the state are like, and how we as humans, the state and society all interact with one and other. A social contract theory is the method of justifying political principles or arrangements by appeal to the agreement that would be made among suitably situated rational, free, and equal persons. For some philosophers this†¦show more content†¦To run the state a very high level of technical knowledge would be required, as only the brightest people should be in charge of it and run it. Hobbes, a seventeenth century English philosopher, is generally regarded as the first modern political philosopher; he is famous for his early and elaborate development of what has come to be known as social contract theory. He is infamous for having used the social contract method to arrive at the astonishing conclusion that we ought to submit to the authority of an absolute, undivided and unlimited, sovereign power. He conceived of politics as science. In his theory of ballistics (guns and missiles) objects moved at random, and were likely to collide with one and other. Hobbes viewed society in much the same way; we all as individuals are more or less equal, we seek pleasure and avoid pain. This will undoubtedly lead to competition between individuals. Because of this Hobbes characterizes the state of nature as a state of war, where the life of the individual according to him would be solitary, poore, nasty, brutish and short. This Hobbesian state of nature is so horrible that individuals would want to avoid it at all costs. We therefore need a state that has laws that will protect us from each other; Hobbes calls this the absolutist state. To avoid the horrible prospectShow MoreRelatedRace, Feminism, And Marxism1032 Words   |  5 PagesPolitical philosophy is the use of philosophical analysis skills when applied to politics. (Abate, â€Å"Political Philosophy†) There are various subtopics discussed among philosophers including the state, justice, and its necessity in the state. In order to discuss such topics, we must first know what justice is. To be just or unjust can be defined in a variety of ways by different people whose outlooks come from completely contrasting perspectives. In this essay I will look at defining justice fromRead MoreThe Quantitative Article, Donaldson, Sue And Will Essay1153 Words   |  5 PagesThe quantitative article â€Å"Donaldson, Sue and Will Kymlicka. 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Centuries later during the Renaissance era, Machiavelli’s Read MorePower What Is Power Essay903 Words   |  4 Pagesphenomenon of powerful and the powerless. This will help my essay in explaining that power is not owned, one can’t simply own power but it is rather given. Parada, H., Barnoff, L., Moffatt, K. M. Homan. (2011). Promoting Community Change: Making it happen in the real world. Toronto, ON: Nelson Education. (pp. 87-109). This small reading explains in more detail what is power and how it can be used to promote change. Explaining how people, can exercise power and how the state can then interpretRead MoreNiccolo Machiavellis The Prince810 Words   |  3 Pageseven a king, to keep hold of their own power. Machiavelli tells about the importance and power of political action, his opinions, and most of all philosophy at it’s finest. Throughout the twenty-six chapters of this book he describes the bold, brave, practical, and powerful prince and how the prince’s life should be lived. Machiavelli’s view of human nature is used as justification for his political advice to princes. Niccolo Machiavelli was very intelligent, motivated, and dedicated while writingRead MoreParliamentary Power And Sources Of Authority1219 Words   |  5 Pagesorganisation or authority, with or without their consent. If we look at history it’s likely to see different kinds of legislative power and sourc es of authority. In the UK, the current system is liberal democracy, and comparison to other political systems, the UK political system seems to be the most successful and fair state system thus far. Though, of course like in every government and in every state there are errors, disruptions, and misuse of power. In pluralist democracies such as that of the UKRead MoreIs the Study of Politics Best Considered a Science or an Art?1733 Words   |  7 Pagesart concerns itself with more in-depth analysis of a particular situation and attempts to find solutions particular to that historical or cultural context. It is evident that an important aspect of the scientific study of politics requires the political scientist to provide descriptions that are generalizable beyond a particular case. The aim here is to use different variables to derive causal relationships which remain constant in any situation. This is done with an eye towards reliability andRead MoreNelson Mandela s 100 Day Speech897 Words   |  4 Pagesmessage inspires the people, that their values and opinions count; as the President, Nelson Mandela still had the power and is therefore a representation of the state. Bruner, J. P. (2015). Diversity, tolerance, and the social contract.  Politics, Philosophy Economics,  14(4), 429-448. doi:10.1177/1470594X14560763 http://journals.sagepub.com.ezproxy.lib.ryerson.ca/doi/pdf/10.1177/1470594X14560763 This journal provides insight into diversity and tolerance in regards to the social contract. ProvidingRead MoreWhy You Should Never Read A Theory Of Justice1343 Words   |  6 Pagesqualitative argument for ‘justice as fairness’†. Notwithstanding, this simplistic review needs to be supported in a way that encourages others, who are inclined, to relish the challenge of critical discourse on the imperative questions of political philosophy raised by John Rawls. Before I begin my review, I would like to make some preliminary remarks about choosing to give this review a title and italicizing the word â€Å"actually†. As I read the other reviews, I noticed two main issues concerningRead MoreThe Good Ghanaian Society 1068 Words   |  5 Pages and the corporations we work in, should be heading. Despite this kaleidoscope of opinions, fortunately there is a unifying point of agreement: ‘the task of every legitimate government is to secure a good society for its citizens.’ Nearly every political and economic philosopher from the time of Aristotle to Max Weber has agreed that the provision of a good society is the ultimate purpose of government. Once the role of government has been defined, it thus becomes imperative to further define how

Saturday, December 14, 2019

The Nanking Massacre Free Essays

The Nanking Massacre The Rape of Nanking was a tragic time in Chinese history. This event will never be forgotten by the people in the once capital of China. An estimated 300,000 innocent people were killed in a matter of months. We will write a custom essay sample on The Nanking Massacre or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Japanese have never apologized for the disturbing event and to this day the Japanese deny that the massacre ever took place. The Rape of Nanking will never be forgotten for this city has been scared with tragedy since this gruesome massacre. Is this Massacre actually Genocide, or is this just a result of poor command over Japanese soldiers? I believe that this event is in fact genocide, and it was a terrible event in time. It was a tragic December day in the beautiful city of Nanking. Japanese soldiers were making their way into the unprepared city. All the residents fled to the safety, a small area where tourists and German soldiers could not be harmed by the Japanese (Genocide in China. ) Only a few citizens were able to flee to the safety zone, for there was only enough room for a few hundred people. The roads were empted, and everyone locked the selves in their homes. The Japanese soldiers had surrounded the city, there was no way the refugees could escape the now taken city. Once the Japanese had surrounded the city, they began their violent rampage. The soldiers began to raid the banks, government offices, and the warehouses. Once all important buildings were taken, the soldiers started killing civilians. (Genocide in China. ) Once the citizens heard the gun fire, most ran out of their homes in an attempt to leave the city. There were two main roads which lead out of the city; the Japanese had set up areas throughout the streets to shoot the fleeing citizens. 0,000 people were killed the first day the Japanese intruded this capital city. Numerous war crimes were committed during the massacre. Some of the worst war crimes in history were committed during the raid on Nanking. A few days after the Japanese invaded Nanking they began to run amuck. The soldiers were out of line, and weren’t following the rules of battle. Japanese soldiers capt ured the surviving Nanking soldiers, and sent them to a large camp outside of the city limits. Case Study: The Nanjing Massacre) The Japanese soldiers soon were running out of food for the soldiers, so the thought there only option was to kill off the remaining Nanking soldiers. The Japanese soldiers would starve the war prisoners and when the Chinese were near death they would march them into fields. (Case Study: The Nanjing Massacre) On the way toward the fields the Japanese soldiers told the captives they would receive food and work. The Japanese lied to the soldiers, for when they reached the fields, the prisoners were killed in a line of machine gun fire. Group by group the captives were lined up and shoot down into massive graves. If the enemy soldiers ran out of ammunition, they would burn the prisoners of war alive. So many practices of execution were performed it is hard to keep track of here are some less used forms of executing the prisoners. Chinese soldiers were used for bayonet practices, shooting practice, and were beheaded in the streets. Japanese soldiers would often have contests to see who could kill the most people. There are accounts of Japanese men killing as many as 150 men, women and children on their own. The women citizens had it far worse than the men did. (Genocide) Women were often raped and killed. If a woman was to survive, she would often be made a sex slave for the Japanese soldiers. Females from the age of 9 to 80 were raped and killed. (Case Study: The Nanjing Massacre) The dead bodies of the women were thrown into the street, and were left there for days. Some many atrocities took place throughout the Nanking Massacre that’s it is hard to mention all of them. A total of 300,000 Chinese soldiers, and civilians were killed in the Nanking Massacre. This might seem like a small number compared to other massacres, but when you look closer at it, it becomes even more tragic. The city of Nanking wasn’t even captured for a year. The survivors tell such terrible stories, of the horror that was swept across the thriving town of Nanking, China. For the remaining survivors this event will never leave their memory. This brings up the question, why did the Japanese do this? This terrible massacre is one that was not as widely broadcasted. This is due to the fact that the Japanese Government had denied this event ever took place. The Japanese people believe that the Chinese people are unclean. The Japanese think this because they think the Chinese people don’t keep themselves clean. The Japanese felt that the Chinese are dirty people who pollute the environment and destroy the fertile land. The Japanese also believed that it was their destiny to obtain the land of China. So why is this massacre considered Genocide? This massacre is considered genocide for many reasons. Japanese people had killing contests, in order to kill as many Chinese civilians as possible. Two Roads of Blood) In order to kill more Chinese civilians, the Japanese soldiers would have competitions to see who could kill the most civilians. They had no respect for any of the Chinese people, as if they treated the Chinese as pests they needed to kill. This method wasn’t working for the extermination, so the Japanese soldiers began sending men to work camps, where they would work the men almost to death, then march them to killing fields. This is a clear example of genocide. The final example of genocide is the fact that they took no prisoners. Genocide) If a Chinese soldier decided to surrender the Japanese soldier would kill the man on the spot. Through all this gruesome events, this massacre is considered to be genocide by people around the world. The Nanking massacre was a terrible event in history. Through years of hatred toward China the Japanese committed this terrible genocide. Through killing contests’, killing fields, and not giving prisoners this event is technically considered genocide. The Japanese wanted to exterminate the Chinese people in order to take land, which the Japanese thought was rightfully theirs. This event will never be forgotten. How to cite The Nanking Massacre, Essay examples

Friday, December 6, 2019

Ensayo Origenes Del Mundo Moderno free essay sample

Durance lass dos dcads Guinness, Hong Kong SE concerti; en el centre neuron;logic del try;Pico De drag bruit;nice. Trash la Segundo guard del poi con China loosest;Nicosia obligation al paisa asstick a legalized Ia event del poi. Se abrasion m;s Mercado Para la drag en China, peer Hong Kong fee period us position central. En la dcad De 1870, Los propositions Cameroon a cultivar la dreamier y manufacture poi. II hbit De femur poi habit en lass elites, peer postmodernist SE conviction en UN articulator De monsoon m;s. De heck, way been entrant elOrigins of the Modern World: Resurrection Resurrection refers the notion of viewing the world from a European perspective. It also refers to the tendency interpreting the histories and cultures Of non-European societies from Western or European perspective. Resurrection has affected the convectional narrative of world history in numerous ways. Resurrection views Europe as being the only active shaper of the world. This is a situation where Europe acts and the rest of the world responds. Resurrection also views that Europe has agency and the rest of he world is passive.Resurrection has changed the views of people to believe that Europe is the center, and the rest of the word is its periphery and Europeans alone are capable of initiating change. Critiques of the Traditional Rise of the West The idea behind the rise of the west shortly began after the Spanish conquest of the Americas, during the Italian renaissance of the sixteenth century. Firstly, Europeans attributed their superiority to their Christian religion. Later, they attributed their superiority to the Greek heritage of secular, rationalistic and scientific thought (Jack 6-7).In the late asses, both the industrial revolution and French revolution of 1 789 reinforced the awareness in the Europeans minds that Europeans were different from the rest of the world and that Europeans were progressing rapidly while the rest of the world appeared to be stagnant. Since the industrial revolution of the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was just beginning, the ideas of capitalist development viewed the west as being progressive and Asia as backward. This was showed when the pace of economic change accelerated in the nineteenth century in Europe, much of the Asia was in internal decline (Jack 12-15).Analyst viewed the west as dynamic, forward-looking, progressive and free while Asia as stagnating, backward and despotic. The development of the Europeans was attributed to the rapid improvement Of all instruments Of product by the immensely f acilitated means of communication and cheap prices. Some critics have said that the idea the west has some unique historical advantage, some special quality of race, culture or environment gave this human community a permanent superiority over all other communities. Alternative Ways to Explain Modern History Historical contingency It implies that the way the world turned out is the only way possible. This narrative states that because of the historical advantage enjoyed by the Europeans since the fall of the Roman Empire or the European genetics, this interpretation implies that the rise of the West was inevitable. This can be seen though political, economic and military dominance. The economic engine driving global trade, which came with exchange of ideas, new food crops and manufactured goods, was in Asia.Historical accident This explains that historical accidents happen. For example in agricultural societies, climate changes could have a major impact on the size of the harvest, not just in one year but also over decades. Conditions that are more favorable could produce larger harvests, lowering the price of food for everyone and stimulating the growth of the economy. Poor conditions, such as those that happened in most parts of the globe during the Seventeenth- century Little Ice Age, could put whole economies under severe pressure (Perspires Dominique 32-4).Although climate changes do indeed have causes, from the point of view human history, they are accidents in the dual sense of being unpredictable and beyond human control. Conjuncture A conjuncture occurs when numerous autonomous developments come gather in ways through interaction, creating a distinctive historical moment. This can be explained by considering the world as having had several regions that was independent of one another, for example, Chinas decision to use silver as the basis for their monetary system had a global impact when Europeans discovered a huge supplies of silver in the new world and a larger demand by Chinese.As a result, silver flowed into China as Asian silks and spices flowed into Europe and the new world, this inaugurated the first stage of globalization. Works Cited Jack A. Gladstone. The Rise of the West- or Not? A Revision to Socio-economic History. University of California, 2001 Perspires, Roy and Dominique Parrot. Ethnocentric Mad Alleviates Origins Of The Modern World History Essay The Origins of the Modern World: A Global and Ecological Narrative is a history book that have been written by Robert B. Marks.This book explores new concepts and perspective of the history of the world. He talks about the historical changes that have happened in the period of 1400-1850. Marks said in his book a brief history of the origins of the modern world (page), that is the purpose of his book, he is trying to represent the modern world history in 07 page. He leaves out too much of the human past to be able to call it the history of origins. He shows that how is Asian is the is the center prior of the asses not the standard Resurrection and its a polytechnic world in term of the world trade.In the Origins, he focuses on the economic history where geographical on China, India and England. Introduction In the beginning of the book he starts with a summary of Rise of the West where he say the west as dynamic, forward looking, progressive, and free, and Asia as stagnating, backward, and despotic (page). After that he started alluding up or narrating the historical events in five-chapters based on an his vision of the world history, and he does it in a way that makes the reader agree with him to get the main key of the historical concept such as conjuncture.Also he takes about the most advanced societies across the Eurasian (China and England) and the MOO economic structures ( biological old regime and trading networks). He also takes the importance of the Indian ocean and he sees it as the most important crossroads for global exchanges of goods, ideas, and culture when Europe was a peripheral, marginal player ring desperately to gain access to the sources of wealth generated in Asia (page 43) He brings a very good evidence that pictures the traditional Chinas technological and Naval superiority, of the well-developed market system in Asia. Also he showed he superior quality of the Indian cottons and the of British textile manufacturers to compete without government protection. He said Asia produced about 80 percent of everything in the world. (page). In chapter 5, he argues that western dominance after the middle-1 sass resulted from historical contingencies and accident not from inherent superiority. He quoted Fernando Branded saying that the gap between the west and the other continents appeared late in time (page 24) . He shows how unpredictable factors such as Chinas decision to remonstrate its economy using silver in the 14th century.And the availability of markets in the (accidentally discovered) new World combined on fuel western imperialism in the nineteenth century . Also the land scarcity that helped rising the steam power in England. He argues, was opium-which great Britain used consciously to impoverish India where it was civilized. And they used China as the market. Marks says there is no more mystery in it that that Those who have benefited should be humbled by the actual sources of the their good fortune, and those who have not should take heart that in the future new contingencies may well favor them It is all a matter of contingency. Summary of chapter 4 and 5 In Chapter 4 Marks talks about the industrial revolution. He explains the reason of why the Industrial revolution outline occurred in Europe not in China or India. He explains it as The dynamics of specialization, increased market exchange, and improved transportation in the context of the illogical old regime and the particularities of Chinas situation was pushing it toward an increasingly labor-intensive agar-culture, rather than toward an industrial revolution (package).However, he believe that the industrial revolution occurred in Europe because coal and colonies. Also, he talks about India and how important it was around the 1 700, he said Indeed, India around 1700 was the largest exporter of cotton textiles in the world and supplied textiles not just to meet English demand, but throughout the world as well And that India accounted for fully one quarter of the world manufacturing output in 1750. (up. 6-97). He also talk about the impact of the industrial revolution on Britain such as the Use of slave markets in Americas for cheap textiles.Tea and silver are two important things that Marks mentioned in this chapter, he talked how important the silver was for the British to get tea from China. The Chinese recognized that they have a drug problem (Opium) because of the British they though the last amount of it into the sea and that was the reason behind the opium war. The British colonized Hong Kong and open the trade between China and the British. At the end of the chapter he talks about the use of use of iron and steam how id the British build gun boats to fight in the Asians rivers.At the begging of the chapter 5 he talks about the how India and China were counted as more than half of the wealth in the word in the 10th century. India is major Opium producer and Cotton textile industry. The British set trade barriers to keep the Indian textiles out of the market. After that, the British East Indian Company gained the right to collect the Indian textile from much as Bengal. this increased the company revenue. Also, this gave the company the power to have an army. Using this army they control throughout India by the sass.This lead India to De industrialized. He also talk about the usage of the gun from the British to colonize Hong Kong and he talks how strong the British army got. The British forced China to make selling Opium legal. This industrialization level that the British reached mad other countries to compete with Britain such as; France, The united States, Germany, Russia and Japan. At the end of the chapter he talks about El Ion Famines, its when the drought started in Latin America, Asian and African. This lead to Famine and 50 million people have died. This result a major distraction of the economy of hose countries which puts them back in initial biological old regime state. He give an example of the Britain using the Indian land to planet wheat and export it while the Indian are starving. He talks about Japan and the new regime (Meijer) era that have created, that regime give Japan the power to reach Britain level. Secondary document Marks argument about the industrial revolution is all about labor and materials where he defines it as coal and colonies. E said in his book for without coal and steam, cotton textiles alone could not transform the British economy what he is saying that without the coal and steam, cotton textiles British will never reach the Industrial revolution. He also said if there is any image that portrays industrial revolution ,it is that smokestack rising above factory. He also agrees with Kenneth Pomeranian when he said the industrial revolution is that proceeded by finding land saving mechanism . This is what Marks answer to the question why the industrial revolution occurred first in England? . However there are some interpretation that disagree with marks and one of them is Varies who defines the industrial revolution as process of continuous technology changes that started in the 1 8th century and would eventually create a new type of economy based on new sources of energy, raw materials, and tools. Also, he said that the capitalism is the reason that the industrial revolution occurred first in England. He said the capitalism was more advanced in Britain , and western Europe, than in China.According to Gladstone Europe didnt rise because of religion or government or technology, Europe rose because of religion and government and technology. Gladstone point is England was following a parallel pattern of political, demographic, commercial, urban, agricultural, and even industrial growth The history of Western imperialism could be traced back to the sixteenth centuries when Western powers such as the Portuguese, the Dutch and the British started their encroachment in Asia, until they basically controlled the economic activities there.In order to maximize their gains, they began to impose harsh policies and exploit Asian countries market through unfair trade practices. Marks believe that imperialism is not the only thing that will reduce the gap. Oakum Shaman argument that the reducing of the gap in Japan was because of the sense of nationalism, they copied the techniques room the west, and good education which mad an imperialism and that what reduced the gap between China and Japan. Primary document Marks study is committed both to a polytechnic understanding of the world and a belief that gaps between rich and poor regions are not inevitable. Hat makes his argument weak that the standard Resurrection narratives are just as ideological, and he uses of materials is richer and more convincing because it takes all of the evidence seriously, that from Asia as well as that from Europe. Think Enlightenment is the reason behind that industrial revolution started in Europe not China or India because this intellectual movement started in Europe where the scientific method have been discovered and used. This lead to the invention of the steam engine (scien tific revolution).The steam engine was a replacement of natural resource (wind, water. . ) in Europe. This made the industry Field works efficient by inventing new machines that works without stopping. Without this knowledge Europe will not be the start point of the industrial revolution. According to Emmanuel Kant was mans release from self-incurred tutelage. He pointed out that all analytic truths are necessary, hat is, they could not have been otherwise. If you agree that the definition of a bachelor is an unmarried man, then it stands to reason that all bachelors are unmarried. Francis Bacon advocated the use of scientific method, and he explains it as the culmination of the move away from the authority and dogmatism of the mediaeval and the awakening of modernity. Conclusion In conclusion Marks attempt to discredit the rise Of the West to cultural superiority but instead to accidents, conjectures, and contingencies, does not give enough credit to Rupees ability to maximize its potential despite an inferior geographical position.